Definitions
Treaty of London
Promised Italy new provinces at the expense of Austria and Turkey if Italy entered the war on the Allies side in 1915.
When the war ended, Italy received only a small portion of the territory it had been promised. This resulted in bitterness amongst the Italian people, who felt that they had been exploited.
Post-War Italy
Factories found it difficult to switch from producing materials to aid the war effort to making peace-time goods.
Iron and steel needed to be imported but Italy’s main exports: fruit, wine, glass and leatherwear were no longer in demand.
Mass unemployment for the dissolved army.
Workers organised strikes for better pay as the factory owners had made a fortune from the war.
Socialism
Represented by a red flag
The people control the economic wealth of the country which is distributed equally.
Fascism
Millions of followers supported the creation of a one-party ultra-nationalist state. This political movement opposed Communism and promoted military values. Fascism was a Totalitarian regime which imposed complete and utter control over the people.
Fasci di Combattimenti
D’Annunzio and his followers (ex-soldiers) were angry about the high unemployment, and how people were so poor. They hated the Socialist Party and the Church Party (Populari) because they had been anti-war. Thy were angry about the Treaty of Versailles which they believed to be unfair and they wanted Italy to control Fiume.
Benito Mussolini sympathised with this group and said he would speak on their behalf, so in 1919 he established the Fasci di Combattimenti which ran for parliament.
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